3. What does the text mean? Students discuss the question, What is
the ultimate failure inside a concentration camp? What is Frankl asking
of himself? (Most students suggested
that the ultimate failure was giving up
and that it was even worse than dying.
Others maintained that Frankl was
asking himself to survive so that he
could understand human nature.)
4. What does the text inspire you to
do? As a result of reading this text,
some students engaged in a debate
on the topic “avenge or forgive” as
they read The Sunflower, another book
by a concentration camp survivor
(Wiesenthal, 1970). Others wrote in
response to a prompt that required
them to draw evidence from the
various texts they had read to consider
the ways in which Frankl rises above
his situation. Still others engaged in
research about the author’s life and
how the events inside the concen-
tration camp shaped his future.
This protocol gives students time to
think, to question, to debate, and to
arrive at new conclusions—in short,
to develop the dispositions needed to
actively engage with their world. EL
References
Costa, A. & Kallick. B. (2014).
Dispositions: Reframing teaching and learning.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Fisher, D., Frey, N., Anderson, H., &
Thayre, M. (2014). Text-dependent
questions: Pathways to close and critical
reading, grades 6–12. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Corwin.
Wiesenthal, S. (1970). The sunflower. New
York: Opera Mundi.
Doug Fisher ( dfisher@mail.sdsu.edu)
and Nancy Frey ( nfrey@mail.sdsu.edu)
are professors in the Department of Educational Leadership at San Diego State
University and teacher leaders at Health
Sciences High and Middle College.
They are ASCD authors and creators of
ASCD’s Framework for Targeted and
Intentional Teaching (FIT) ( www.ascd
.org/professional-development/about-fit-teaching.aspx).
This questioning protocol gives students the
gift of time to think, question, and debate.
HOLDING FAST
TO DREAMS
Empowering Youth from
the Civil Rights Crusade
to STEM Achievement
by Freeman A. Hrabowski III
An education leader relates how his experiences with
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FREEMAN A. HRABOWSKI III is a
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earn doctorates in the natural sciences and
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Beacon Press • HC • 978-0-8070-0344-2
208pp. • $25.95
Part of the Simmons College/Beacon Press
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MINDSET
The New Psychology
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Carol Dweck’s ground- breaking investigation
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CAROL S. DWECK, Ph.D., is widely
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Ballantine • TR • 978-0-345-47232-8
288pp. • $16.00
“This book is an
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